The second trimester: symptoms and expert tips for pregnancy

For many women, the second trimester is the easiest and most comfortable time of pregnancy. You may be enjoying increased energy levels, be complimented on your ‘pregnancy glow’ and many of the symptoms of the first trimester, such as dry retching every time you open the fridge, may have eased off. It’s also a time when you can enjoy being pregnant before your baby grows full term, and the heaviness of the third trimester sets in.  Here, we delve into what to expect in the second trimester – what’s happening with your baby and your growing bump, the tests and classes to schedule in, and how to get a good night’s sleep and stay active.

What is the second trimester?

Spanning weeks 13–27, the second trimester is usually when women find they feel the most mobile and well.  

“Pregnant women in the second trimester are usually very happy,” says  obstetrician and gynaecologist Associate Professor Gino Pecoraro. “You don't have the mood swings of the first trimester. You don't have the broken sleep, backache, heartburn and mood swings of the third trimester. You’re getting used to the idea that you’re pregnant. It’s often a lovely time.” 

What should I expect in the second trimester? 

The second trimester brings exciting changes as your baby bump really starts to show and you may begin wearing maternity clothes.

Physical changes you might notice:

• Uterus expansion causing ligament stretching and discomfort

• Breast growth and possible lower back pain

• Stretch marks on belly and breasts

• Brown patches on face or dark line down belly (linea nigra)

• Indigestion from baby pressing against your stomach

The exciting part: You'll start feeling your baby move! First movements feel like fluttering, tiny kicks, or rolling sensations between weeks 16-24 (usually after 20 weeks for first babies). "That's often a reassurance that everything is going well," says Assoc Prof Pecoraro

How is my baby changing in the second trimester? 

Weeks 14-20: Your baby's organs continue developing rapidly. The liver, pancreas, and kidneys begin to function. By week 20, your little one can hear sounds and is starting to recognize your voice. Weeks 20-26: Your baby grows significantly, reaching around 23cm and 820g by week 26 (though every baby grows at their own pace). Their hearing continues to develop, making this a great time for singing and talking to your bump. Why talking to your bump matters:  It's not just sweet bonding time - your baby is actually learning to recognize your voice! So those conversations and lullabies are helping them get familiar with the sound of their favourite people before they even arrive.

Tips on getting through the second trimester 

Getting a good night’s sleep can become challenging with your growing belly. From 28 weeks of pregnancy, it’s safest to sleep on your side, and it can be helpful to support your bump with a pregnancy pillow or put a pillow between your knees.

Keep moving

Being active during pregnancy is great as it will give you more energy, and build muscles to help support your growing weight, as well as boost your mood. Keep up with your normal exercise routine for as long as you feel comfortable and if in doubt follow pregnancy and exercise guidelines. Walking, swimming, cycling, yoga and Pilates are great options.  

Work on your pelvic floor

Pregnancy weakens the pelvic floor so it’s also important to train your pelvic floor muscles several times a day.

Book essential check ups

The second trimester is an ideal time to book antenatal classes. “Some people make an appointment to go for a tour of the hospital where they're going to have the baby,” Assoc Prof Pecoraro says. 

Start thinking about parental leave

You may also talk to your workplace and make plans to take parental leave from work. Your partner may also be eligible for paid parental leave.  

When should I see my doctor?

Regular appointments: You'll see your doctor or midwife every 4-6 weeks to check on you and your baby's health. Key appointments: 

• Around 20 weeks: Ultrasound to check baby's growth. "This is when you can find out whether it's a boy or a girl," says Assoc Prof Pecoraro. Some people prefer to keep it a surprise! 
• 24-28 weeks: Glucose test to check for gestational diabetes 

When to call between appointments: If you're feeling persistently anxious or low, don't wait - reach out to your healthcare provider. It's completely normal to have mixed emotions during pregnancy. Taking care of yourself: The second trimester is often when you feel your best during pregnancy. Good sleep and regular gentle exercise will help prepare you for the third trimester and early parenting ahead.